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Based loosely on concerns about existence, and some experiences with theology.
2010 •
This book conceives philosophy in terms of philosophizing as an active process. The intention of the argument is to restore philosophy to its origins as an ethos, a practice, a way of living for rational beings. Philosophy is therefore presented more as a practice or an activity than as an intellectual exercise or subject discipline. Philosophy is something that one does as a rational being. This is not an invitation to sloppy thinking; it is an invitation to all to philosophize as rational beings. A questioning, critical approach grounded in the rational faculty is taken to be the most salient characteristic of philosophy. This emphasizes intelligence and its application over knowledge.Philosophy is not a question of knowledge but of the application of intelligence. The book proceeds from Socrates as the key figure in this conception of philosophy as philosophizing. Socrates was no ivory tower philosopher but took philosophy to the men and women of 'the real world' in an attempt to get them to support their views and activities with arguments, with good reasons for doing, thinking, stating the things they did. The 'real world' is not the one revealed to ordinary sense experience. This book shows that only by philosophizing can individuals enter the real world.
Shimla Law Review
Episteme of Justice: A Genealogy of Rationality2019 •
Justice has been a desired ideal for every civilisation. Even much before the invention of printing press, justice attracted all too discursive idealisations. In every epoch, justice is discursively crafted and understood. In that sense, theories of justice are produced within the limitations and conditions of episteme, accepted in the particular society, under a few sets of discursive rules. From Greek pre-determinism to the spirit of European enlightenment, the industrial age to the digital age, theories and common understandings of the discourse were formulated and rationalized around a few epistemic principles. In Greco-Roman cultures, for example, pre-determinism and teleological ‘rationality’ were the preconditions for the discourse of justice. In Scholastic tradition, teleology remains in the form of theology. During the course of Renaissance and afterwards, the spirit of scepticism and inductive reasoning turned out to be the defining features in the establishment of new science as authority; in that epoch, power and knowledge were embraced and celebrated as the episteme to rewrite the relationship between human and nature. In the process of Industrial revolution, instrumental reasoning produced a widespread culture of ‘consumer society’, and a bureaucratized and rationalized art of government. To address the growing demands for the security of the businesses and the predictability of the outcome, the rationalized systems of law were developed across the Europe. In a post human trajectory, technological rationality has become a source of truth and justice.
Philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Ayn Rand are often identified as strong critics of altruism and arch advocates of egoism. In this essay, Stephen Hicks argues that Nietzsche and Rand have much in common in their critiques of altruism but almost nothing in common in their views on egoism.
Journal for Cultural Research
The sociology of compassion: A study in the sociology of morals1998 •
The Philosophical Forum
Fruitful Misnomers: Chapter Review of "Locke and Natural Law" in Terence Irwin's The Development of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study, pp. 298-299.2011 •
Rousseau and Desire (University of Toronto Press: Toronto, December 2009)
Perfectibility, Chance, and the Mechanism of Desire Multiplication in Rousseau’s *Discourse on Inequality*2009 •