Birds DID evolve soon enough to fly above the dinosaurs: Fossil find shows early creatures were capable of flight far sooner than thought
- Researchers analysed a 125 million year old bird fossil from Spain
- Found it had a wing structure capable of advanced flight
The are one of the oldest families of animal on the planet.
The earliest of them, the famed Archaeopteryx, lived 150 million years ago in what is today southern Germany.
However, whether these early birds were capable of flying over the dinosaurs they shared the Earth with has remained shrouded in scientific controversy.
One of the first birds: Researchers now say they evolved the ability to fly far sooner than thought
The new discovery, published in the journal Scientific Reports, analysed the intricate arrangement of the muscles and ligaments that controlled the main feathers of the wing of an ancient bird, supporting the notion that at least some of the most ancient birds performed aerodynamic feats in a fashion similar to those of many living birds.
An international team of Spanish paleontologists and NHM's Director of the Dinosaur Institute, Dr. Luis M. Chiappe, studied the exceptionally preserved wing of a 125-million-year-old bird from central Spain.
Beyond the bones preserved in the fossil, the tiny wing of this ancient bird reveals details of a complex network of muscles that in modern birds controls the fine adjustments of the wing's main feathers, allowing birds to master the sky.
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'The anatomical match between the muscle network preserved in the fossil and those that characterize the wings of living birds strongly indicates that some of the earliest birds were capable of aerodynamic prowess like many present-day birds,' said Chiappe, the investigation's senior scientist.
'It is very surprising that despite being skeletally quite different from their modern counterparts, these primitive birds show striking similarities in their soft anatomy,' said Guillermo Navalón, a doctorate candidate at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom and lead author of the report.
Ancient birds may have flown over the heads of dinosaurs but some aspects of the precise flight modes of these early fliers still remain unclear.
'The new fossil provides us with a unique glimpse into the anatomy of the wing of the birds that lived amongst some of the largest dinosaurs,' said Chiappe.
Beyond the bones preserved in the fossil, the tiny wing of this ancient bird reveals details of a complex network of muscles that in modern birds controls the fine adjustments of the wing's main feathers, allowing birds to master the sky.
'Fossils such as this are allowing scientists to dissect the most intricate aspects of the early evolution of the flight of birds.'
'The integumentary anatomy, and myological and arthrological organization of the new fossil is remarkably similar to that of modern birds, in which a system of small muscles, tendons and ligaments attaches to the follicles of the remigial feathers and maintains the functional integrity of the wing during flight,' the researchers wrote.
'The new fossil documents the oldest known occurrence of connective tissues in association with the flight feathers of birds.
'Furthermore, the presence of an essentially modern connective arrangement in the wing of enantiornithines supports the interpretation of these primitive birds as competent fliers.'
THE 130 MILLION YEAR OLD BIRDS
The discovery of two 130-million-year-old fossils are helping experts plug gaps in the evolutionary history of modern birds.
The fossilised wading birds, found in the Hebei province of northeastern China, had fan-shaped tail feathers and fused bones at the tips of its wings similar to birds alive today.
Named Archaeornithura meemannae, the pair predate the earliest record of the ornithuromorpha family by at least five million years.
Dubbed Archaeornithura meemannae, the species (illustrated) had fan-shaped tail feathers and fused bones at the tips of its wings similar to modern-day birds. The bird was part of a group known as ornithuromorpha and the fossil find predates the earliest record of this clade by five million years
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